and maintaining a continuous broadcast entailed high operating and maintenance costs. Furthermore, the audience during the early morning hours was very small, making it unprofitable to air programs at that time. Stations also frequently used this downtime to perform technical maintenance on transmission equipment, ensuring optimal operation for the following day.
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In some countries, playing the national anthem before the end of the broadcast day became a tradition that many people remember with nostalgia. For an entire generation, hearing the anthem signaled that it was time to turn off the TV and go to sleep. It was a daily routine that shaped the childhood and youth of millions of people.
With technological advancements—including the arrival of cable TV,
